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Car Seats by Age

Each car seat is designed to fit a certain age group. Children should use their car seat until they are at the maximum weight or height limit set by the manufacturer. Then, they are able to use a booster until the vehicle belts fit correctly, usually when they are between 10 and 12 years old, or 4 feet 9 inches tall.

When shopping for a new car seat, consider features like fabric that can withstand stains, removable pieces that can be washed by machines, and equipment that is easy to clean.

Rear-facing

Rear-facing car seats hold infants and toddlers to protect their spines and necks from a crash. They are also safer because they spread the force of impact across a wider area. This limits the risk of injuries to the spinal cord.

Parents are often tempted by the thought of moving their children forward-facing before they're ready. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises to keep them rear-facing as long as you can. The manufacturer will let you know when your child is ready to transition forward.

Heads of children are large in relation to their bodies. They are also developing, making them more vulnerable to crash. In reality, a child's head can exert up to 25 times the force of their body weight in an accident -- more than enough to cause a fatal injury. This is why children of the ages of 5 and under are at risk of sustaining fatal head injuries when they are in a front-facing car seat.

Many parents think that their kids have necks that are stronger than older kids, so they'll be able to transition to a forward-facing car seat earlier. It's important to keep it in mind that a baby who is in the 95th percentile isn't stronger than a child who's 5th percentile, and no amount of push-ups done by teens will alter this. In the case of a car accident, a larger child's head will likely be struck with greater force. This can result in brain and spinal cord injury.

When your child has outgrown their infant car seat [additional reading], you can convert to a convertible seat that allows them to remain facing the rear until they reach the maximum weight or height limit. In general, children will reach the height limit first, so it's important to be attentive to the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your car seat on when to change to forward-facing mode.

If your child is at the weight or height limit of their convertible car seat, you'll need to place them in an adult booster seat. The majority of booster seats come with a built-in angle indicator that informs you whether the seat is installed and ready to flip to face forward. You should only use a booster seat on the back seat of your vehicle, and only with a lap belt (never a shoulder belt) to ensure the best infant car seat protection for your child in a crash.

Forward-facing

Many parents are enticed by the idea of switch their kids' car seats when they grow older because it's more practical. But they should remember that rear-facing is a safer option for children.

If you crash with an infant facing towards the front the neck is at risk. The head could be thrown against the front seat by force and cause permanent spine damage. Even if a child's neck muscles are strong enough, it is still possible for them to suffer whiplash. This is particularly applicable to children who are younger, such as infants.

A forward-facing child is also more likely to strike their head on the dashboard or in front of the window during the course of a crash. Depending on what type of crash occurs and how fast the car is moving, the head could be placed against the seat. This could result in fractures to the skull or spinal chord.

The current safety standards mandate that kids remain rear-facing until they are 20 pounds and one year of age. The reason for this is that younger children do not have enough neck strength to withstand a head-on crash, which is the most dangerous kind of car accident.

The harness and tether help keep the child's head steady and reduce neck strain. Additionally that a child who is rear-facing is less likely to sustain head injuries since the impact is cushioned by the body of the seat.

If you have a baby under a year in a convertible car seat or an all-in-one seat that can change from forward-facing to rear-facing be sure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines about when it is safe for your child to look towards the front. The guidelines will explain whether or not to use a tether, as well as the weight and height limits for that particular seat.

Once your child has reached the rear-facing car seat limitation you can allow them to be in a forward-facing car seat that has a harness and tether until they reach the maximum height or weight limit allowed by the car seat's manufacturer. When they've outgrown this, it is time to get a booster seat.

Booster seat

There is no age limit or height when children can safely stop using booster seats. The booster seat should be used until a child's vehicle belt is properly fitted. This could occur anytime between 8 and 13 years old.

A booster helps a child increase their height so that they are able to sit upright in the car. The shoulder part of a belt is placed so that it is close to the chest, but not directly above. The lap part of the belt should rest on the thighs, not on the stomach. Booster seats include a belt guide that helps to ensure the belt is correctly placed.

Booster seats can be bought with or without a rearrest. The most popular type is a high-back booster, that provides neck and head support for children. It's a good choice for cars with low seat backs and no head rests. Backless boosters may be less expensive but they do not provide head or neck support. Certain all-in-one boosters allow you to switch between boost and harness modes. They are suitable for children weighing up to 65 pounds in harness mode and up to 100 pounds as boosters.

Some boosters are equipped with a lower anchors (LATCH) system that hooks onto the lower anchors of the vehicle, and a tether if one is available. Some boosters require the vehicle's seat belt to keep them in place. Check the owner's manual of your vehicle to find out if you are able to use the lower anchors. Also, make sure you read the instructions for the booster seat to learn how to use it.

Some parents may be tempted to let their 3 year old 30 lbs child go straight to a booster seat, as they're becoming too tall for the car seat. However, rushing to "graduate" your child out of the harness can be dangerous. If the belt is loose children could be seriously injured or even die in an accident.

Back seat

All children should sit in the back of a vehicle for as long as is possible with a child safety seat or booster seat that is properly installed. Children who are too tall for a rear-facing car seat, or have exceeded its height and weight limits should move to a forward-facing child safety seat with an appropriate harness until they're tall for this type of seat.

After your baby outgrows an infant car seat newborn seat, they can be moved to a convertible, or an all-in-one car seat that also has an open rear-facing position. Usually, these seats can be used up to two years or until your child outgrows the seat's weight and height limit. Install the car safety seat on the middle of your vehicle. It is secured using the lower anchor system and seat belt.

If your child has grown out of their rear-facing seat you can put them in a forward-facing restraint using a harness. Typically, these seats can be used until 57 inches or until your child reaches the maximum weight and height limits of the seat. You can find out the height and weight of the car seat is by reading the manufacturer's instructions, or by looking at a tag attached to it.

All children older than 5 years old should be in a booster seat or lap belt in the vehicle as much as possible. If not, they should use a back seat restraint in the middle of the back seat. It is also recommended to not sit in front of the best car seat if the airbag is active. Putting children in the front seat could increase the chance of getting injured in a crash, because the impact forces are stronger on their smaller bodies.

You can take your child to an inspection station or car seat clinic to receive assistance selecting and installing the correct child safety seat. They can also check to find out if your child's seat has been removed due to safety concerns or other flaws. You can then purchase one that fits both your vehicle and the child's height. If you're unable to try a seat, whether it has a policy for refunds.